This authoritative textbook provides a much-needed guide for postgraduate trainees preparing for the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG) Fellowship examination. Published in association with EBCOG, it fully addresses the competencies defined by the EBCOG curriculum and builds the clinical practice related to these competencies upon the basic science foundations. Volume 2 covers the depth and breadth of gynaecology, and draws on the specialist knowledge of four highly experienced Editors and over 100 contributors from across Europe, reflecting the high-quality training needed to ensure the safety and quality of healthcare for women. It incorporates key international guidelines throughout, along with colour diagrams and photographs for easy understanding. This is an invaluable resource, not only for postgraduate trainees planning to sit the EFOG examination, but also for practising specialists looking to update their knowledge and skills to meet the ever-evolving complexity of clinical practice.

This authoritative textbook provides a much-needed guide for postgraduate trainees preparing for the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG) Fellowship examination. Published in association with EBCOG, it fully addresses the competencies defined by the EBCOG curriculum and builds the clinical practice related to these competencies upon the basic science foundations. Volume 1 covers the depth and breadth of obstetrics, and draws on the specialist knowledge of four highly experienced Editors and over 100 contributors from across Europe, reflecting the high-quality training needed to ensure the safety and quality of healthcare for women and their babies. It incorporates key international guidelines throughout, along with colour diagrams and photographs for easy understanding. This is an invaluable resource, not only for postgraduate trainees planning to sit the EFOG examination, but also for practising specialists looking to update their knowledge and skills to meet the ever-evolving complexity of clinical practice.

Professional development skills encompass non-clinical attributes that contribute towards career development, research and high-quality clinical practice. Professional bodies such as the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG) are placing increasing importance on these skills and they now form part of the RCOG core curriculum, making these skills essential requirements for all junior doctors and newly appointed consultants in today's health service. This book is an in-depth review of professional development skills, illustrated by case-histories from obstetrics and gynaecology. Issues related to human factors - such as communication, situational awareness, decision-making and team-working - will form the basis of the book. Candidates sitting the Membership of the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (MRCOG) examination will gain a better understanding of the principles of professionalism and clinical governance within the specialty. This book is also a useful tool for trainees in their advanced years of training and for newly appointed consultants.

This authoritative textbook provides a much-needed guide for postgraduate trainees preparing for the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG) Fellowship examination. Published in association with EBCOG, it fully addresses the competencies defined by the EBCOG curriculum and builds the clinical practice related to these competencies upon the basic science foundations. Split into two volumes according to discipline - obstetrics and gynaecology - it draws on the specialist knowledge of four highly experienced editors and over 200 contributors from across Europe, reflecting the high-quality training needed to ensure the safety and quality of healthcare for women and their babies. It incorporates key international guidelines throughout, along with colour diagrams and photographs for easy understanding. This is an invaluable resource, not only for postgraduate trainees planning to sit the EFOG examination, but also for practising specialists looking to update their knowledge and skills to meet the ever-evolving complexity of clinical practice.

The main aim of this book is to provide a new efficient method to all aspects of analysis of structures with high nonlinearity behavior such as cable structure. The conventional methods are usually direct methods which are often employed for the solution of these structures. The conventional methods for structural analysis cannot predict the response of cable structures accurately. In this book, a new method is proposed for nonlinear dynamic analysis of cable structures such as cable-stayed bridge. In this book, a theory for nonlinear dynamic response analysis of cable structures is developed based on the minimization of total potential dynamic work.

Biological control is an approach that provides safe fungal management program, and corresponds to a substitute for reliance on chemical treatment methods. It is often used to gradually suppress widespread infestations in low value or remote areas where other methods are not feasible. Natural plants derived compounds contribute a lot in fight against pathogens.Numerous studies conducted in Pakistan revealed a wide spectrum prospects of using extracts of plants for biological control of pathogenic fungi. On the basis of efficacy of plant extracts, present study has been designed to find out the effective plant product to control Alternaria alternata in vitro by using medicinal plant, Tagetus errectus, and molecular characterization of Alternaria alternata.

The study focused on mechanism of socio-cultural changes such as innovation, diffusion, cultural loss, acculturation, modernization, economic development, technological development, wars, and natural disasters etc. The main factors involved in transition of society have been identified and explained in the study. The study revealed that transition in this particular community was mainly due to introduction of new technology, economic development, media and education, which had greatly simplified household and farm work and brought about a substantial saving of time. The out migration of men and adoption of new occupations has changed the social status and role of the people particularly of the young generation. The Pukhtoon traditions were going out, love, affection, respect for elder, strangers and women, sympathy, modesty and hospitality in the pukhtoon society were not in real practice as before. The introduction of new technology, provision of basic facilities by govt. /NGOs and education promotion has changed the role of men and women in various perspectives.

On August 14th 2000, the military regime in Pakistan, unveiled a Local Government Plan intended towards strengthening the democratic institutions and towards empowering the people at the grassroots. It was argued that the Plan would increase access of marginalized groups in society to politics, increase participation of ordinary citizens both in politics as well as the delivery of services, enhance accountability of the government functionaries as well as elected members and improve the delivery of social services. The Devolution Plan (2000) paved the way for the reestablishment of local governments at the district and sub-district levels. According to the Plan, political, administrative and fiscal powers were devolved to the local governments at the union, tehsil and district levels. The fact that local governments in Pakistan in the past have mainly been used by regimes to legitimize control over the state and to achieve future survival makes this ambitious attempt controversial. Especially, its contextual resemblance with the previous two attempts at local government reforms, further strengthen the notion of regime legitimization and survival.

This book helps all those working in maternity services to improve the quality of the care they offer. Improvement is driven by clinical effectiveness and increasing patient demands, and for each area of practice described this book outlines the service organisation needed to achieve this improvement. The goal is to help clinicians take responsibility for developing services that meet the needs of their patients as well as managing their individual medical conditions. The book demonstrates that much can be achieved within current resources and without major additional expense. Different approaches are demonstrated, but the key issue is the patient pathway. Trainees, clinicians, managers and commissioners of services will find this book of practical value. There should be a copy on the shelves of every hospital obstetric unit.

This book helps to improve the quality of the care in gynaecological practice. Improvement is driven by clinical effectiveness and increasing patient demands, and for each area of practice described this book outlines the service organization needed to achieve this improvement. The goal is to help clinicians take responsibility for developing services that meet the needs of their patients as well as managing their individual medical conditions. The book demonstrates that much can be achieved within current resources and without the need for major additional expense. Different approaches are demonstrated but the key issue is the patient pathway, with the underlying philosophy of continuous improvement in quality. Trainees, clinicians, managers and commissioners of services in obstetrics and gynaecology will find this book of immense practical value.